Authors:

Hala H. Hazzaa ^a, Gasser M. Elewa ^b, Naglaa M. Elwakeel ^c, Mai Sh. Attia ^d

a. Professor of Oral Medicine, Periodontology and Diagnosis, Faculty of Dental Medicine for girls, AlAzhar University, Cairo, Egypt, Delta University for Science and Technology, Dakahlia, Egypt.
b. Lecturer, Oral Medicine, Periodontology, Diagnosis and Oral Radiology Department, Faculty of
Dentistry, Delta University for Science and Technology, Dakahlia, Egypt.
c. Professor of Oral Medicine, Periodontology and Diagnosis, Faculty of Dental Medicine for girls, AlAzhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
d. Professor of Oral Medicine, Periodontology and Diagnosis, Faculty of Dental Medicine for girls, AlAzhar University, Cairo, Egypt, Misr International University, Cairo, Egypt.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52338/wjoncgy.2022.1010

Abstract:

The current threats of coronavirus mainly cause respiratory infections in addition to their multi-system exposure potential including severe and distressing oral problems. In view of the rising documented oral lesions of COVID-19, this article aims to assess the underlying etiology of oral complications. An extensive literature search was conducted in PubMed library, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Studies published in English language literature only were included. 36 articles were included in this review report, oral lesionsin patients with COVID-19 were classified according to their putative etiologies. Among the common oral complications, ulcerative-erosive lesions, vesiclo-bollous eruptions, COVID tongue, maculo-papular plaques, pigmentation, bad smell, petechial eruptions, swelling, erythema, and spontaneous bleeding. Poor oral hygiene, opportunistic infections, stress, immunosuppression, vasculitis, and a hyper-inflammatory response due to COVID-19 are the main playing factors for the establishment of oral complications. However, due to the interaction with Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 and Furin receptors, SARS-CoV-2 has a direct effect on oral mucosal tissues. Angiogenic switch is another step which has a basic impact in the pathogenesis of COVID-Mouth. Therefore, an angiogenesis mediated gate is proposed for deeper future investigations and targeted therapy to overcome the evolution of oral complications in COVID-19-affected cases, with their psychological and medical distressing impact on the patient’s quality of life.

Citation:

Hala H. Hazzaa. Angiogenic switch is a potential step in the pathogenesis of COVID-Mouth via an interaction with ACE2/Furin receptors: Review Article. World Journal of Medical Oncology 2021.